Partido Verde colombiano: diálogos y reflexión
En un par de meses del 2011 renunció al Partido Verde; Juan Carlos Flores (24 de mayo), Antanas Mockus (9 de junio) y Sergio Fajardo (20 junio) a la codirección del partido. Podríamos pensar que uno de los factores que se traduce en la inconformidad de algunos seguidores verdes, es el descontento con las formas en que el PV está haciendo política. A continuación un diálogo entre un integrante del PV y un simpatizante del mismo partido con una reflexión crítica al final.

De izquierda a derecha: Juan Carlos Florez, Antanas Mockus y Sergio Fajardo.
J.U: Mientras tuvimos clase en la universidad recuerdo escucharte con atención, comentabas muchas cosas pero las que más te referenciaban trataban de (…) un discurso con acción social muy dinámico. Ahora, tengo la curiosidad por saber ¿Qué opinas de la renuncia de Antanas Mockus al partido? ¿Cuál será el futuro de la ola verde?
A.R: Lo sucedido en el PV es resultado de lo que Panebianco (politólogo italiano) señala como dilema partidario, el cual consiste en la tensión que vive la organización, al tener que decidir entre los principios fundantes y la estrategia o los resultados a alcanzar. Dice el autor que los partidos jóvenes son más propensos a optar por los principios fundantes, ya que ello trae beneficios para todos por igual. El caso contrario ocurre en los partidos viejos, ya que los beneficios se distribuyen a ciertos actores importantes de las colectividades. En el PV ocurre algo suigeneris, no solo es un partido joven, sino un partido con liderazgos de trayectoria que no dependen del éxito del colectivo, razón por la cual ganar es crucial para dar sentido a la existencia de la organización. Si a eso le sumas, que estamos en medio de una debacle ética en Bogotá, y que el PV no es mayoría electoral en el distrito y que gran parte de la masa electoral es uribista, te enfrentas a tres retos: mantener los principios como derrotero estratégico y no hacer alianzas y posiblemente perder; neutralizar a tu principal competidor, agudizando sus debilidades e imponiendo tu agenda electoral; o negociando todo a costa de la victoria.
Mockus considera el primer escenario y el Partido el segundo; sin embargo, los mockusianos asumieron que la mayoría del partido había asumido el tercero, lo que generó la polarizaron de las posturas, la dogmatización del debate por parte de los visionarios y la personalización de las contradicciones entre algunos de los participantes de bando y bando, razón por la cual fue insalvable la solución del dilema expuesto en el inicio, principios o estrategia, o, lo que era la propuesta, estrategia con principios.
En Mockus terminó primando más el peso de su prestigio ante la opinión pública (entendido como capital político) y su postulado del saldo pedagógico en las decisiones políticas, que la idea de concertar fórmulas posibles para conciliar el dilema.
Su salida es algo que aún no es posible valorar con certeza pero que no deja de ser doloroso para quienes le hicimos campaña y padecimos sus errores en medio de una gran esperanza de cambio, haciendo de una campaña que parecía colectiva, un ejercicio bastante personalizado.
Espero que no haber sido confuso pero bueno, como la pregunta era tan complicada, traté de ser lo más explícito posible.
J.U: Tu explicación ha sido clara y ha resuelto algunas de mis dudas. Sin embargo, pienso (y con temor a equivocarme) que los ciudadanos y población en general que apostaron por el proyecto político del PV, hoy en día no ven con buenos ojos las alianzas con el Partido de la U, más bien lo observan con incredulidad y desconcierto.
¿Se han pronosticado los riesgos dentro del PV de apostarle a una estrategia estrictamente electoral? ¿Cuáles serán los costos de buscar alianzas con un partido de dudosa reputación democrática y social? ¿Si los beneficios son electorales, qué y cuánto le costarán al PV y a los ciudadanos? ¿Cuál fue el pronunciamiento de las bases del PV frente a dicha situación?
Mi preocupación con el tema, radica en que debo tomar una decisión (…) y ahora me estoy replanteando la posibilidad de desestimar mi participación en dicho proyecto.
En definitiva, y por ahora, no ha ganado nadie. Ni Peñalosa, ni Mockus, ni el PV, más bien, hemos perdido aquellos que creímos en algo diferente. Ahora me bajo al mundo real y me remonto nuevamente a las definiciones (incluidas las de Panebianco) que conceptualizan a todos los partidos como actores de competencia electoral que aspiran a varios cargos de poder público, o por lo menos tiene la intención de hacerlo y parafraseando la conocida tesis de Downs, se podría afirmar que formulan programas para ganar elecciones y una vez en el gobierno verán día a día lo que pueden hacer.
A.R: Decía un compañero nuestro que los visionarios convirtieron una discusión sobre estrategia y táctica electoral, en un debate sobre los principios del partido. Obviamente, el acuerdo con la U pasa fundamentalmente, por rechazar los hechos de corrupción y de violación a los derechos humanos, de ahí que no se acepte el apoyo de Hipólito y los concejales vinculados a la corrupción. Claro, el Partido corre el riesgo de desdibujar su identidad si no sabe tramitar ese acuerdo con la U, pero eso solo lo sabremos cuando pase la campaña y luego de administrar dicho acuerdo por parte de nuestros dirigentes. Este hecho ha generado un debate dentro del partido, pero no de la forma constructiva como debería ser, sino que ha repetido la polarización expresada desde la dirección nacional, por ello, poco aprenderemos del mismo.
En países como España, tú lo sabes, el Partido Socialista, ha hecho acuerdos con el Partido Popular para llevar a cabo proyectos políticos, y en Colombia, lo que no anunció Mockus, es que Fajardo tendrá que hacer acuerdos con Valencia Cossio para ganarle a Ramos la puja por la gobernación de Antioquia, todo ello, porque hacemos política en el marco de un sistema de partidos, que aunque nacionales, con particularidades pronunciadas a nivel regional.
Reflexión final:
J.U: Tal vez, la estrategia electoral hace del PV una organización, que aun siendo joven, se deja ver como una de las más especializadas y burocratizadas del país. El daño es inminente ya que no logra asegurar las identidades colectivas y mucho menos asegurar el sentido de pertenencia que logró crear en muchos ciudadanos colombianos. Por otra parte, dentro de las habituales formas de hacer política, algunos de los seguidores de la ola verde vieron con recelo las acciones de aquellos políticos que olvidaron el arraigo necesario que debe existir entre los representados y la organización política.
No está bien que en plena campaña electoral, se asuma cualquier tipo de compromiso político, sin meditar en los perjuicios del distanciamiento ideológico. Volver a las formas clásicas de hacer política con alianzas de alto costo ético devalúan el discurso “verde” hasta el punto de hacerlo en ocasiones insoportable sobre todo con el ciudadano que le perdió el temor al cambio.
Uno de los problemas radica en la incapacidad para representar intereses. Es error grave del PV autoproclamarse portavoz del cambio, tomando la palabra y la voluntad de todos aquellos que le apostaron a una forma distinta de representación política. Negociar alianzas locales, sin tener en cuenta a las bases de un partido con representación nacional, condujeron a una serie de fracturas que se fueron manifestando con renuncias al interior del PV.
Algo que podemos aprender de todo esto, es que de nada sirve reclamar al Partido Verde, o a cualquier otro partido, sino entendemos que como ciudadanos debemos de participar mucho más allá de la elecciones populares. Se trata de intentar eliminar la relación utilitarista entre los partidos y los electores. ¿Cómo? Impidiendo que los partidos usen a la población como clientes de turno en elecciones, exigiendo a candidatos de calidad con ética pública y comportamientos probos, castigando, inhabilitando y denunciando a los políticos corruptos y escogiendo representaciones políticas coherentes con nuestros ideales.
Publicado el 21 junio 2011 en Partidos Políticos, Política y etiquetado en Antanas Mockus, Colombia, Juan Carlos Florez, Partido Verde, partidos políticos, Representación, Sergio Fajardo. Guarda el enlace permanente. 70 comentarios.







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